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- Adenosine Triphosphate
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- High energy carrier
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- It becomes ADP
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- Adenosine Diphosphate
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- Low energy carrier
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- It adds to a phosphors also and becomes ATP
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- Phosphorylation
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- ADP+P+energy = ATP
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- Water
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- Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate
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- Low energy carrier
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- Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate Hydrogen
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- Very high energy carrier
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- NADP + 2e-(electrons) + H(Proton) = NADPH
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- Production of glucose from carbon dioxide and water using light energy trapped by chlorophyll
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- Anabolic
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CO2 + H20 + light energy = glucose + O2
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- Produce oxygen for aerobic respiration
- Responsible for forming fossil fuels
- Removes carbon dioxide from the air
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- Chloroplast
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- Chlorophyll
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- Trap light energy
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- To trap different shades of light
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- Light-dependent stage
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- It requires light to carry out photosynthesis
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- Grana
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- 2
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- Cyclic pathway
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- The electron returns back to its original acceptor
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- Light energy is absorbed by the chlorophyll
- Light energy eventually reaches a reaction centre chlorophyll molecule
- This energises electrons
- Single electrons pass from electron acceptor to electron acceptor
- As they travel to each acceptor they lose energy
- This energy adds to ADP+P to form ATP
- The electrons then return back to their original acceptor
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- Non-cyclic pathway
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- The electrons do not return to their original acceptor
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- Light energy is absorbed by the chlorophyll
- Light energy evntually reaches a reaction centre chlorophyll molecule
- Light energy then energises the electrons
- Electrons pass in pairs from electron acceptor to electron acceptor
- Electrons add to NADP- to form NADP+ (because electrons are negative)
- H2O then splits (photolysis) releasing 3 products - 2 electrons (2e-) + Proton(H+) + 1/2 O2
- The protons (H+) adds to NADP+ to form NADPH
- The 2e- produced go back to the chlorophyll to fill in for electrons that left
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- Photolysis
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- Returns to the dark stage to provide energy
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- Returns to the dark stage to supply protons and electrons
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- Used in respiration
- Released as a waste
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- Light-independent stage
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- It does not require light to carry out photosynthesis
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- The products from the light stage
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- ATP
- NADPH
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- CO2 in the air enters the chloroplast
- NADPH supplies protons (H+) and electrons (e-) and combines with the CO2 to form glucose
- ATP supplies energy for the reaction to take place
- NADPH loses its protons (H+) and electrons (e-) and becomes NADP+
- ATP loses energy and becomes ADP+P
- NADP+ and ADP+P return to the light stage
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- Glucose
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