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- All cells develop from pre-existing cells
- Cells divide and survive from one generation to the next
- This gives rise to the continuity of life
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- Coiled thread like structure of DNA and protein that becomes visible in the nucleus during cell division
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- 46
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- Short section of DNA which codes to make a protein
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- 23 from mother
- 23 from father
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- Diploid
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- 2 sets
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- 2n
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- 1 set
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- n
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- Sex cells
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- Egg
- Sperm
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- Cell organelles replicate in the cytoplasm
- At the end of the interphase chromosomes produce identical copies of themselves
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- Chromatin
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- The division of the nucleus to form 2 identical daughter nuclei containing identical sets of chromosomes
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- Asexual reproduction
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- Growth
- Repair damaged cells
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- Cell is dividing
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REMEMBER - Party Monday And Tuesday
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- Chromosomes are double stranded
- Spindle fibres form and move towards poles
- Nuclear membrane breaks down
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- Chromosomes line up in the middle of cell (equator)
- Spindle fibres attach to chromosomes
- Nuclear membrane has been broken down
- Remember - Metaphase - Middle
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- Centriole
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- Centromere
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- Spindle fibres contract
- Pull chromosomes apart
- Chromosomes move towards the poles
- Remember - Anaphase - Away
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- Chromosomes change back to chromatin
- Nuclear membrane is formed
- Mitosis is complete
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- Cleavage furrow
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- Cell plate
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- A form of nuclear division in which 4 daughter nuclei form, each containing half the chromosome number of the parent nucleus
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- Sexual reproduction
- Genetic variation
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1. For Mitosis, 2 daughter nuclei are formed
1. For Meiosis, 4 daughter nuclei are formed
2. For Mitosis, the daughter nuclei are identical to parent cell
2. For Meiosis, the daughter nuclei have variation compared to parent cell
3. For Mitosis, the daughter nuclei have the same number of chromosomes as parent cell
3. For Meiosis, the daughter nuclei have half the number of chromosomes as parent cell
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- Cancer is an uncontrolled rate of mitosis
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- Cells stop dividing after a certain amount of time
- Non-life threatening
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- Warts
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- Life threatening
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- Lung cancer
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- By genes that have been changed
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- Oncogenes
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- Carcinogens
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- Chemicals that cause cancer
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- UV light
- Cigarette smoke
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- Surgery
- Radiation
- Chemotherapy