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- Monera
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- Has no membrane bound organelles
- Has no true nucleus
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- Asexually
- Only one parent involved
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- Has just one cell
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- Living thing so small a microscope is required to see it
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- Protection
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- Can be semi-solid or liquid slime
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- Loop of DNA which helps it to be resistant to anti-bodies
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- Circular DNA strand containing chromosomes
- No DNA around it
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- Protection from bursting
- Movement
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- Based on shape
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- Cocci
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- Pneumonia
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- Bacillus
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- Tetanus
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- Spilillum
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- Cholera
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- Asexually
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- Only one parent involved
- There are no gametes present
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- Binary fission
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- DNA replicates
- Bacteria cell elongates and the replicated DNA separates
- The 2 different DNA strands move to either side of the cell
- Cell Wall + Cell Membrane grow inward
- Two identical bacteria cells are formed
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- Tough wall around bacteria
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- When conditions are unfavourable
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- High Temperature
- Drought
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- Hundreds of years
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- When conditions are favourable
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- Water is absorbed by the endospore
- Tough wall breaks down
- New bacteria cell is formed
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- Can make their own food
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- Uses light energy
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green sulpher bacteria
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- Uses energy from chemical reactions
- Nitrifying bacteria in the soil
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- Cannot make their own food
- Obtain food from other organisms
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- Organisms that live off a host
- Usually cause harm to the host
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- Disease causing bacteria
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- Live off dead organic matter
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- Bacteria of decay
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- Causes the bacteria cell to die due to its enzymes being denatured
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- Slows down the rate of bacteria growth
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- pH 7
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- Bacteria dies due to its enzymes becoming denatured
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- Growth can be inhibited by high pressures
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- Dont need oxygen to respire
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- Need oxygen to respire
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- Can respire with or without oxygen
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- Only respire in absence of oxygen
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- Lactobacillus converts milk to yogurt and cheese
- Genetically modified bacteria is used to make insulin
- Helps to digest food and produce minerals in the large intestine
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- Symbiotic bacteria
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- Bacteria can cause food to decay
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- Makes milk sour
- Bacteria can cause illness
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- food poisoning/salmonella
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- Micro-organism that causes disease
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- Chemicals produced by micro-organisms to kill or inhibit the growth of other micro-organisms
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- When a micro-organism is not affected by antibiotics
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- Misuse of antibiotics
- Overuse of antibiotics
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- Bacteria that are resistant are not killed by anti-biotics
- When these bacteria reproduces, the gene of for resistance is passed on to future generations
- Eventually there is a strain of bacteria immune to that antibiotic
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- Bacteria adopts to its new environment
- Makes chemicals to prepare to grow
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- Bacterial growth is exponential
- Ideal conditions
- Little competition
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- No change in numbers
- Number dying is the same as number growing
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- Food
- Space
- Oxygen
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- Most of the bacteria start to die
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- Some bacteria survive as endospores
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- The use of living cells or their components to make useful products
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- Nutrients required are added at the start
- Bacteria is grown at all stages of the growth curve
- After this the bacteria is stopped and removed
- Bacteria is stored until more product is needed
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- Cost Effective
- Better system than Continuous Flow
- Many antibiotics are made this way
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- Penicillin
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- Bacteria is kept growing in the log phase
- Nutrients are constantly being added
- Product is constantly being removed
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- More expensive than batch culture